Apple trees

Malus x domestica (domestic apple tree) is the most economically important deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, originating in Central Asia. Botanically, it is characterized by alternate, serrated leaves and flowers arranged in cymes, which are usually cross-pollinated. The fruit is a pome with a core surrounded by fleshy flesh. Nutritionally, the fruits are valued for their balanced content of simple sugars (especially fructose) and organic acids. A key component is soluble pectin fiber, which regulates digestion and cholesterol levels. The phytochemical profile is concentrated mainly in the skin. It is dominated by the flavonoid quercetin (a powerful antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects) and chlorogenic acid. Red varieties also contain anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-galactoside), which protect cells from oxidative stress.

Apple tree rootstocks:

B9
It excels in extreme frost resistance and resistance to root collar rot. It significantly slows down growth, which allows for dense planting, and accelerates the onset of full fruiting.

M26
Forms a transition between dwarf and medium rootstocks. Compared to B9, it anchors better in the soil (often does not need permanent support), promotes the formation of large fruits, and maintains early fruiting.

MM106
Ensures medium-strong growth and excellent anchoring without the need for support. It is highly productive, adaptable to various soil types (except waterlogged) and does not suffer from fire blight.

B118
A moderately vigorous rootstock with exceptional frost resistance of the roots. Thanks to its strong root system, it is highly resistant to drought, anchors firmly in the soil, and ensures the longevity of trees.